本帖最后由 佳话 于 2011-9-16 13:54 编辑
List of Transition Words for writing
This structured list of commonly used english transition words (approximately 200, so the list is quasi complete) can be used (by students and teachers) to find the right expression. English transition words and phrases are essential, since they not only connect ideas, but also can introduce a certain shift, contrast or opposition, emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or conclusion, etc. in the line of argument.
The transition words and phrases (also called devices) have been assigned only once to somewhat artificial categories, although some words belong to more than one category. To improve your writing (in essays, (scientific) reviews, (research) papers, letters, abstracts, reports, thesis, etc), it is essential to understand how, transition words can be used to combine ideas in writing. It is also fundamental to be aware of the sometimes subtle meaning of transition words within the english language. Agreement / Addition / Similarity
The transitional devices like also, in addition, and, likewise, add information, reinforce ideas , and express agreement with preceding material.
in the first place
not only ... but also
as a matter of fact
in like manner
in addition
coupled with
in the same fashion / way
first, second, third
in the light of
not to mention
to say nothing of
equally important
by the same token | again
to
and
also
then
equally
identically
uniquely
like
as
too | moreover
as well as
together with
of course
likewise
comparatively
correspondingly
similarly
furthermore
additionally |
Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction
Transition words and phrases like but, rather and or, express that there is evidence to the contrary or point out alternatives, and thus introduce a change the line of reasoning (contrast).
although this may be true
in contrast
different from
of course ..., but
on the other hand
on the contrary
at the same time
in spite of
even so / though
be that as it may
then again
above all
in reality
after all | but
(and) still
unlike
or
(and) yet
while
albeit
besides | although
instead
whereas
despite
conversely
otherwise
however
rather
nevertheless
regardless
notwithstanding |
Examples / Support / Emphasis
These transitional devices (like especially) are used to introduce examples as support, to indicateimportance or as an illustration so that an idea is cued to the reader.
in other words
to put it differently
for one thing
as an illustration
in this case
for this reason
to put it another way
that is to say
with attention to
by all means
important to realize
another key point
first thing to remember
most compelling evidence
must be remembered
point often overlooked
to point out
on the positive / negative side
with this in mind | notably
including
like
to be sure
namely
chiefly
truly
indeed
certainly
surely
markedly
especially
specifically
expressively
surprisingly
frequently
significantly | in fact
in general
in particular
in detail
for example
for instance
to demonstrate
to emphasize
to repeat
to clarify
to explain
to enumerate
such as |
Cause / Condition / Purpose
These transitional words present specific conditions or intentions.
in the event that
granted (that)
as / so long as
on (the) condition (that)
for the purpose of
with this intention
with this in mind
in the hope that
to the end that
for fear that
in order to
seeing / being that
in view of | If
... then
unless
when
whenever
since
while
because of
as
since
while
lest
| in case
provided that
given that
only / even if
so that
so as to
owing to
inasmuch as
due to
|
Effect / Consequence / Result
Some of these transition words (thus, then, accordingly, consequently, therefore, henceforth) are time words that are used to show that after a particular time there was a consequence or an effect.
Note that for and because are placed before the cause/reason. The other devices are placed before the consequences or effects.
as a result
under those circumstances
in that case
for this reason | for
thus
because the
then
hence | consequently
therefore
thereupon
forthwith
accordingly
henceforth |
Conclusion / Summary / Restatement
These transition words and phrases conclude, summarize and/orrestate ideas, or a indicate a final general statement. Also some words (like therefore) from the Effect / Consequence category can be used to summarize.
as can be seen
generally speaking
in the final analysis
all things considered
as shown above
in the long run
given these points
as has been noted
in a word
for the most part | after all
in fact
in summary
in conclusion
in short
in brief
in essence
to summarize
on balance
altogether
overall
ordinarily
usually | by and large
to sum up
on the whole
in any event
in either case
all in all |
Time / Chronology / Sequence
These transitional words (like finally) have the function of limiting, restricting, and defining time. They can be used either alone or as part of adverbial expressions.
at the present time
from time to time
sooner or later
at the same time
up to the present time
to begin with
in due time
until now
as soon as
in the meantime
in a moment
without delay
in the first place
all of a sudden
at this instant
immediately
quickly
finally |
after
later
last
until
since
then
before
hence
since
when
once
about
next
now
formerly
suddenly
shortly | henceforth
whenever
eventually
meanwhile
further
during
first, second
in time
prior to
forthwith
straightaway
instantly
presently
occasionally |
Many transition words in the time category (consequently; first, second, third; further; hence; henceforth; since; then, when; and whenever) have other uses.
Except for the numbers (first, second, third) and further they add a meaning of time in expressing conditions, qualifications, or reasons. The numbers are also used to add information or list examples. Further is also used to indicate added space as well as added time.
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发表于 2011-9-16 13:39:36
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发表于 2011-9-16 14:14:39
